MUET logo

A hybrid harmonic mitigation strategy for smart grid integration of solar PV systems in developing power networks

Authors

  • Ashfaque Ahmed Baloch

    Department of Electrical Engineering, Ziauddin University, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan
    Author

  • Fahad Azim

    Department of Electrical Engineering, Ziauddin University, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan
    Author

  • Muhammad Yousuf Irfan Zia

    Telecommunications Engineering School, University of Malaga, Malaga, 29010, Spain
    Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22581/0487

Keywords:

Smart Grid Integration , Solar PV Systems , Harmonic Distortion , MPPT Controller , PI Controller , Power Quality

Abstract

The world shift to renewable energy has drastically changed the power system models due to climate concerns and decarbonization efforts. Solar PV has emerged as one of the renewable technologies because of its cost that is falling steadily, scale, and negligible environmental impact. Nonetheless, the consideration of solar PV in ageing grid systems, especially in developing countries presents technical issues, the most prominent of which, the harmonic distortion by power electronic converters in full interaction with the nonlinear loads. This causes instability of voltages, decreases equipment longevity and system performance. However, smart grid technologies provide advanced control and sensing capabilities, however, the implementation of smart grids in resource-constrained environments is minimal at the moment. This paper puts forward a hybrid harmonic mitigation approach which is weak grid specific and involves a combination of optimized Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Proportional-Integral (PI) control as well as a two-stage passive-active filtering system. It has been proven with simulations in MATLAB/Simulink that inverter synchronization, dynamic response and uniform Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) reduction to 5% or below, require better inverter synchronization, better inverter operation and constant simulation results, as indicated by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis under different load conditions and all of these are within the standards of IEEE 519. This contributes to the reason why the proposed system is a cost-effective and scalable solution to the utilities in the emerging economies, especially due to its modular nature that enables its implementation to happen in phases. The publication adds a viable platform to improve the level of power and stability during the shift toward cleaner and smarter energy systems.

Downloads

Author Biographies

  • Ashfaque Ahmed Baloch, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ziauddin University, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan

    PhD Scholar, Electrical Engineering

    Department of Electrical Engineering, Ziauddin University, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan.

  • Fahad Azim, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ziauddin University, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan

    Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ziauddin University, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan.

  • Muhammad Yousuf Irfan Zia, Telecommunications Engineering School, University of Malaga, Malaga, 29010, Spain

    Professor,

    1. Telecommunications Engineering School, University of Malaga, Malaga, 29010, Spain.

    2. Department of Computer Engineering, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75300, Pakistan.

     

References

[1] Massoud, M.; Othman, M.F. Recent Advances in Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems: A Review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2022, 161, 112279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112279

[2] Singh, B.; Jain, S. A Comprehensive Review on Solar PV Integration with Smart Grid: Challenges and Solutions. IEEE Access 2022, 10, 57094–57114. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3176678

[3] Rehman, M.U.; Arif, M.; Khan, S.A. Analysis of Harmonics in Inverter-Based PV Systems under Variable Loading. Energies 2021, 14, 7486. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227486

[4] Dong, Z.Y.; Zheng, T.; Luo, F. Smart Grid: Concepts, Architectures, and Pilot Projects in China. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2022, 161, 112373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112373

[5] Wang, J.; et al. Advances in Smart Grid Technologies for Renewable Energy Integration. Renew. Energy 2022, 185, 1301–1312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.12.101

[6] Khatib, T.A.; Albadi, M. Comparative Assessment of Passive, Active, and Hybrid Harmonic Filtering Strategies in PV-Connected Smart Grids. Energy Rep. 2022, 8, 991–1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.01.104

[7] Siddiqui, H.A.; et al. Solar PV Adoption in Pakistan: Growth, Policy, and Grid Readiness. Energy Policy 2022, 158, 112565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112565

[8] Javed, A.R.; Khan, M.N. Harmonic Analysis and THD Mitigation for PV-Fed Grids in South Asia. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 146127–146138. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3123296

[9] Ahmad, S.T.; Memon, A.A. Simulation-Based Evaluation of Control Strategies for Solar PV Harmonic Mitigation. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2021, 132, 107137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107137

[10] Silva, F.D.; et al. Review on Harmonic Filtering Methods for Smart PV Systems. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2022, 166, 112612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112612

[11] Mahapatra, S.; Panda, A.K. Adaptive Harmonic Filtering for PV Systems under Dynamic Loads. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2022, 69, 6151–6161. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2021.3093895

[12] Abdelaziz, A.Y.; Darwish, M.M.F.; Fattah, H.A. A Machine Learning Approach to Real-Time Harmonic Compensation in Smart Grids. IEEE Access 2022, 10, 32016–32028. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3159572

[13] Ali, A.; Khan, M.A.; Blaabjerg, F. Control Strategy for Multilevel Inverters in PV Systems for Harmonic Mitigation. Energies 2022, 15, 6241. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15176241

[14] Rashid, M.H.; Haq, A.U.; Rehman, S. Passive Filter Design for Improved Power Quality in Photovoltaic Systems. Energies 2023, 16, 2203. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052203

[15] Refaat, S.S.; Massoud, A.M. Hybrid Filtering in Grid-Tied Renewable Energy Systems: A Review. Renew. Energy 2022, 195, 680–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.06.072

[16] Aamir, T.Z.; Rahim, N.A.; Iqbal, M. Effects of Partial Shading on THD in PV Systems: A Control Perspective. Energy Rep. 2023, 9, 1342–1353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.01.160

[17] Dhillon, R.S.; Sinha, A.K. Harmonic Synchronization in Renewable Energy Grids: A Comparative Study. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 2022, 17, 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-021-00961-y

[18] Minh, L.T.; Smith, J.R. LCL-Filter Based Inverter Design for Enhanced Grid Integration of PV Arrays. Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst. 2023, 33, e13544. https://doi.org/10.1002/2050-7038.13544

[19] Shah, F.; Ullah, N.; Mahdi, A.J.; Ibeas, A.; Goudarzi, A. An Advanced Two-Stage Grid Connected PV System: A Fractional-Order Controller. Energies 2020, 13, 2094. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13082094

[20] Bouzidi, B.; Bouchakour, A.; Golea, N.; Boukli Hacene, S. Improving Power Quality in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems. Sensors 2023, 23, 7901. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187901

[21] Guerrero-Rodríguez, N.F.; Batista-Jorge, R.O.; Ramírez-Rivera, F.A.; Ferreira, J.; Mercado-Ravelo, R.; Manilla, A. Harmonic Distortion Study of a Photovoltaic Generator in a Microgrid under Disturbances. Energies 2024, 17, 2031. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17092031

[22] Reguieg, Z., Bouyakoub, I., Mehedi, F., Bouhadji, F., “Enhancing electrical grid stability through power quality optimization via PV PO UPQC: An integrated approach,” Proc. 2024 2nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Automatic Control (ICEEAC), IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEAC61226.2024.10576557

[23] Ech-cherki, N., Echab, O., Errami, Y., Obbadi, A., Sahnoun, S., Aoutoul, M., “High order sliding mode control for grid integration of photovoltaic systems,” International Journal of Applied Power Engineering, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 118–126, Mar. 2025. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v14.i1.pp118-126

[24] Kaur, J., Bath, S. K., “Harmonic distortion in power systems due to electronic control and renewable energy integration: A comprehensive review,” Discover Electronics, 2025, 2:67, https://doi.org/10.1007/s44291-025-00111-9

[25] Qaisar, M. W., Lai, J., Fang, J., “Modeling and control of grid forming active power filters for harmonic suppression and enhanced power quality,” Applied Sciences, 2025, 15, 5927. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15115927

Published

2026-01-01

Issue

Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026): January Issue

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

A hybrid harmonic mitigation strategy for smart grid integration of solar PV systems in developing power networks. (2026). Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 45(1), 158-170. https://doi.org/10.22581/0487

Similar Articles

51-60 of 67

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.