Evaluation of commuter perception and optimization of public transit routes in Hyderabad using TOD applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.0142Keywords:
TOD Applications, Transportation Planning, Urban Growth, Route Information Hyderabad, GISAbstract
The accessibility, efficiency, and convenience of public transit in Hyderabad are significantly hindered by inadequate infrastructure, overcrowding, insufficient funding, inconsistent service, traffic congestion, and limited coverage. Urban engineers/urban planners widely recognize the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) applications as an effective strategy for promoting maintainable urban growth. TOD focuses on situating populations near public transportation hubs to reduce dependence on private vehicles. Hyderabad's public transportation system (buses and trains) currently falls short of meeting commuter needs due to the absence of TOD principles, leading to increased private vehicle usage, traffic congestion, and air pollution. This study aims to evaluate commuter perceptions regarding transportation facilities' availability. It illustrates the service area coverage of the existing public Transit route network based on walkable distances converted to travel times using ArcGIS. Data was collected using an extensive questionnaire survey involving 400 respondents, selected using the Taro technique. Route information was gathered from the Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) and on-site surveys detailing the available public transportation routes. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software, employing statistical methods such as Chi-Square tests, correlation analysis, normality checks, and ANOVA. The study identified the catchment areas for existing public transportation routes in Hyderabad, emphasizing regions where passengers have easy access to transit in alignment with TOD applications.
Downloads
References
F. Shatu, L. Aston, L. B. Patel, and M. Kamruzzaman, “Transit-oriented development: A bibliometric analysis of research”, Advances in Transport Policy and Planning, 1st ed., vol. 9. Elsevier Inc., 2022.
F. Baig, S. Shaikh, and M. A. H. Talpur, “Motorization and under-reported road accidents: Spatial evidence from Pakistan”, Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 482–495, 2021. [Online].
O. S. Azeez, H. Z. Shafri, A. H. Alias, and N. A. Haron, “Integration of object-based image analysis and convolutional neural network for the classification of high-resolution satellite image: A comparative assessment”, Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 21, p. 10890, 2022.
K. Kepaptsoglou, C. Milioti, D. Spyropoulou, F. Haider, and A. G. Karlaftis, “Comparing traveler preferences for BRT and LRT systems in developing countries: Evidence from Multan, Pakistan”, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 384–393, 2020.
J. Monteiro, N. Sousa, J. Coutinho-Rodrigues, and E. Natividade-Jesus, “Challenges ahead for sustainable cities: An urban form and transport system review”, Energies, vol. 17, p. 409, 2024.
P. Ricardianto, A. Suryobuwono, E. Liana, and E. Endri, “Implementation strategy of transit-oriented development based on the bus rapid transit system in Indonesia”, Decision Science Letters, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 551–560, 2023.
M. H. Abdi, “What the newcomers to transit-oriented development are confronted with? Evidence from Iranian policy and planning”, Journal of Transport Geography, vol. 92, p. 103005, 2021.
M. A. H. Talpur, T. H. Ali, I. A. Chandio, and F. A. Shaikh, “Transportation planning studies for socio-economic development of depressed sub-regions: A review”, Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 603–614, 2018.
S. Qureshi, I. A. Memon, and M. A. H. Talpur, “Association between objectively measured neighborhood built environment and walkability”, Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 157–168, 2022.
J. P. Rodrigue, “Transportation and the geographical and functional integration of global production networks”, Growth and Change, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 510–525, 2006.
N. J. A. Van Exel and P. Rietveld, “Could you also have made this trip in another mode? An investigation of perceived travel possibilities of car and train travelers on the main travel corridors to the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 374–385, 2009.
J. Riaz and F. Naz, “Socio-political impacts and challenges of urbanization on Pakistan”, Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, vol. 7, no. 2, 2024.
P. R. Bipin, A Comprehensive Study on Footpath Encroachment and Governance Interventions – A Case of Ahmedabad, Doctoral dissertation, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, 2024.
A. M. Espitia, Transforming Urban Mobility: A Multidimensional Analysis of the Bus Rapid Transit System of Mexico City, 2010.
M. M. Aboulnaga, M. F. Badran, and M. M. Barakat, “Global informal settlements and urban slums in cities and the coverage”, Resilience of Informal Areas in Megacities – Magnitude, Challenges, and Policies: Strategic Environmental Assessment and Upgrading Guidelines to Attain Sustainable Development Goals, pp. 1–51, 2021.
J. Stehlin, “‘Freeways without futures’: Urban highway removal in the United States and Spain as socio-ecological fix?”, Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1391–1417, 2024.
N. A. Unar, N. H. Mirjat, B. Aslam, M. A. Qasmi, M. Ansari, and K. Lohana, “Modeling and analysis of load growth expected for electric vehicles in Pakistan (2021–2030)”, Energies, vol. 15, p. 5426, 2022.
J. N. O’Sullivan, “Demographic delusions: World population growth is exceeding most projections and jeopardizing scenarios for sustainable futures”, World, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 545–568, 2023.
H. Yaqoob et al.., “Current status and potential of tire pyrolysis oil production as an alternative fuel in developing countries”, Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 3214, 2021.
F. Baig, I. A. Rana, and M. A. H. Talpur, “Determining factors influencing residents’ satisfaction regarding urban livability in Pakistan”, International Journal of Community Well-being, vol. 2, pp. 91–110, 2019.
R. Jiang, P. Wu, and C. Wu, “Driving factors behind energy-related carbon emissions in the US road transport sector: A decomposition analysis”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 4, p. 2321, 2022.
R. Cervero, B. Caldwell, and J. Cuellar, “Bike-and-ride: Build it and they will come”, Journal of Public Transportation, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 83–105, 2013.
M. H. Abdi and P. J. Lamíquiz-Daudén, “Transit-oriented development in developing countries: A qualitative meta-synthesis of its policy, planning and implementation challenges”, International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 195–221, 2022.
A. Terpo, Metamorphosis through Transition: The Application of TOD as Mobility/Land-Use Model and Its Applicability in the Case of Tirana, 2022.
H. Shawly, “Evaluating compact city model implementation as a sustainable urban development tool to control urban sprawl in the city of Jeddah”, Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 20, p. 13218, 2022.
F. Filippi, “A paradigm shift for a transition to sustainable urban transport”, Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 5, p. 2853, 2022.
Y. Yang, Z. Dong, B. B. Zhou, and Y. Liu, “Smart growth and smart shrinkage: A comparative review for advancing urban sustainability”, Land, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 660, 2024.
J. B. H. Yap, C. Y. Chua, and M. Skitmore, “Towards sustainable mobility with transit-oriented development (TOD): Understanding greater Kuala Lumpur”, Planning Practice & Research, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 314–336, 2021.
D. Akin and D. Kara, “Multicriteria analysis of planned intercity bus terminals in the metropolitan city of Istanbul, Turkey”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 132, pp. 465–489, 2020.
A. Ceder, “Urban mobility and public transport: Future perspectives and review”, International Journal of Urban Sciences, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 455–479, 2021.
M. Gallo and M. Marinelli, “Sustainable mobility: A review of possible actions and policies”, Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 18, p. 7499, 2020.
M. Sohaib et al., “Improving urban road infrastructure analysis and design using an integrated BIM-GIS and traffic microsimulation framework”, Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, vol. 9, no. 7, p. 285, 2024.
Y. H. Kuo, J. M. Leung, and Y. Yan, “Public transport for smart cities: Recent innovations and future challenges”, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 306, no. 3, pp. 1001–1026, 2023.
A. Baobeid, M. Koç, and S. G. Al-Ghamdi, “Walkability and its relationships with health, sustainability, and livability: Elements of the physical environment and evaluation frameworks”, Frontiers in Built Environment, vol. 7, p. 721218, 2021. [35] M. A. H. Talpur, S. H. Khahro, S. Abro, and H. Shaikh, “Measuring GIS-based pedestrian accessibility to bus stops: A sustainable approach to easing urban traffic problems at Hyderabad, Pakistan”, Discover Cities, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 28, 2024.
S. Gopal, “Interplay of smuggling of foreign currencies and illegal import of gold through passengers at international airports: An analysis”, International Journal of Law, Management & Humanities, vol. 5, no. 6, p. 38, 2022.
F. Baig, I. A. Rana, and M. A. H. Talpur, “Determining factors influencing residents’ satisfaction regarding urban livability in Pakistan”, International Journal of Community Well-being, vol. 2, pp. 91–110, 2019.
A. Talpur, F. Baig, A. Pervez, and J. J. Lee, “Analysis of travel decision behaviour during extreme floods in Pakistan”, Transportation Safety and Environment, vol. 2025,
S. R. Memon, M. A. H. Talpur, and F. J. Arain, “Site suitability for intercity bus terminal at Hyderabad, Pakistan: A citizen's perception”, Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 93–108, 2023.
S. H. Khahro, M. A. H. Talpur, M. G. Bhellar, G. Das, H. Shaikh, and B. Sultan, “GIS-based sustainable accessibility mapping of urban parks: Evidence from the second largest settlement of Sindh, Pakistan”, Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 7, p. 6228, 2023.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Ali Raza Khoso, Muhammad Saleem Raza, Sajan Laghari, Sarfraz Hyder, Performance-Based Multi-Criteria Assessment of Low-Carbon Social Housing: A Comparative Life Cycle Analysis in the Climatic Context of Sindh, Pakistan , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 3 (2026): July Issue
Similar Articles
- Rana Saeed Ahmad, Haroon Rasheed, Coordinated Energy Management of MMC-Based DC Microgrids using Particle Swarm Optimization , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 3 (2026): July Issue
- Osama Majeed Butt, Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad, Muhammad Husnain Ashfaq, Saba Ayub, Performance Assessment of Dry-Cell Oxyhydrogen (HHO) Production under Varying Electrical Operating Conditions , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 4 (2026): October Issue
- Lyu Guanghua, Syed Hadi Hussain Shah, Rizwan Arshad, Ni Jiahua, Machine Learning-Based Optimization of Photovoltaic Panel Cleaning Schedules in Arid Environments: A Case Study of Ryadh, Saudi Arabia , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026): April Issue
- Muhammad Usman Malik, Muhammad Faisal Hayat, Prediction and classification of wheat plant disease in Pakistan using deep learning techniques , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 44 No. 3 (2025): July Issue
- Jeba Fariha Islam, Abdullah Afzal, Sadik Md Nafis, Jamil Afzal, Thermal analysis for Civil Structural Health Monitoring of Concrete Structure in the Presence of Imprecise Values , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026): April Issue
- Muhammad Raza, Changing trends of climate in Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) from 1955 to 2018 , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026): January Issue
- Inamullah Maitlo, Safdar Ali, Sadam Ali Khichi, Imran Ali, Ghulamullah Maitlo, Imran Nazir Unar, Aspen HYSYS-based Modeling of Liquefied Natural Gas Production from an Indigenous Natural Gas Source , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026): January Issue
- Amina Shaikh, Imran Khan Keerio, Mutiullah Shaikh, Asadullah Shah, Enhanced Real-Time Face Detection in Challenging Environments: Leveraging YOLOv8 for Partially Occluded and Low-Light Conditions , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026): January Issue
- Roshni Mustafa, Shafi Muhammad Jiskani, Muhammad Aamir Panhwar, Sanam Narejo, Zohaib Ahmed, YOLO-Scan: A Real-Time Deep Learning Framework for Brain Tumor Detection in MRI , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026): April Issue
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.