Use of deep learning in early software bug detection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.0331Keywords:
Deep Learning , CNN , Random Forest , Software Bug Detection , Ensemble Approach , Voting EnsembleAbstract
In the software maintenance and development process, software bug identification is a significant challenge because this is connected with the successful software in its whole state. To increase software efficiency, dependability, and quality early software problem identification is important. Therefore, an efficient software bug detection model is a critically significant challenging operation, and that has been developed in this work by designing the efficient model while using the promises dataset as input for bug identification. An ensemble technique approach is proposed to increase the performance of detecting software bugs for moderate to large datasets. This was achieved by using an ensemble parallel technique for training the Convolutional Neural Network and Random Forest algorithm in a parallel way. Then, the predictions from both models are aggregated using an ensemble voting technique. The performance of the implied technique is evaluated using various kinds of metrics, including accuracy, F-measure, recall, and precision. Experimental findings show significant improvements in prediction accuracy and F1 scores compared to the standalone CNN model, including increases of 33.06% for Camel, 13.43% for Jedit, 50.85% for Xerces, and 18.35% for Synapse. These findings highlight the potential of ensemble learning techniques for enhancing software bug detection.
Downloads
References
O. E. Olorunshola, M. E. Irhebhude, A. E. Evwiekpaefe, and F. N. Ogwueleka, “Evaluation of machine learning classification techniques in predicting software defects,” Trans. Mach. Learn. Artif. Intell., vol. 8, pp. 1–15, 2020.
B. A. Sanusi, S. O. Olabiyisi, A. O. Olowoye, and B. L. Olatunji, “Software defect prediction system using machine learning-based algorithms,” J. Adv. Comput. Intell. Theory, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 1–9, 2019.
J. Li, P. He, J. Zhu, and M. R. Lyu, “Software defect prediction via convolutional neural network,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Softw. Qual., Rel. Security (QRS), Prague, Czech Republic, Jul. 2017, pp. 318–328.
W. Alkaberi and F. Assiri, “Predicting the number of software faults using deep learning,” Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 13222–13231, 2024, doi: 10.48084/etasr.6798.
W. Long et al., “Unified spatial-temporal neighbour attention network for dynamic traffic prediction,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 1515–1529, 2023.
D. Li, K. D. Ortegas, and M. White, “Exploring the computational effects of advanced deep neural networks on logical and activity learning for enhanced thinking skills,” Systems, vol. 11, no. 7, p. 319, 2023.
M. Sh. Daoud et al., “Machine learning empowered software defect prediction system,” Intell. Autom. Soft Comput., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 1287–1300, 2022.
A. Jude and J. Uddin, “Explainable software defects classification using SMOTE and machine learning,” Ann. Emerg. Technol. Comput., vol. 8, no. 1, 2024.
M. Ali et al., “Software defect prediction using an intelligent ensemble-based model,” 2024.
Fei, “PROMISEbackup,” GitHub, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/feiwww/PROMISEbackup
S. Mehta and K. S. Patnaik, “Improved prediction of software defects using ensemble machine learning techniques,” Neural Comput. Appl., vol. 33, no. 16, pp. 10551–10562, 2021.
X. Wu and J. Wang, “Application of bagging, boosting and stacking ensemble and easy ensemble methods for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 20, no. 6, p. 4977, 2023.
M. A. Javed, “A framework for software defect prediction using nested-ensemble learning and feature selection techniques,” M.S. thesis, Virtual Univ. Pakistan, 2021.
F. Matloob, “Software defect prediction model using multi-layer feed-forward neural networks,” Ph.D. dissertation, Virtual Univ. Pakistan, 2020.
S. K. Pandey, R. B. Mishra, and A. K. Tripathi, “Machine learning-based methods for software fault prediction: A survey,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 172, no. 2, p. 114595, 2021.
A. B. Farid, E. M. Fathy, A. S. Eldin, and L. A. Abd-Elmegid, “Software defect prediction using hybrid model (CBIL) of convolutional neural network (CNN) and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM),” PeerJ Comput. Sci., vol. 7, no. 5, p. e739, 2021.
Z. M. Zain, S. Sakri, N. H. A. Ismail, and R. M. Parizi, “Software defect prediction harnessing on multi 1-dimensional convolutional neural network structure,” Comput. Mater. Continua, vol. 71, no. 1, p. 1521, 2022.
L. Qiao, X. Li, Q. Umer, and P. Guo, “Deep learning-based software defect prediction,” Neurocomputing, vol. 385, no. 2, pp. 100–110, 2020.
G. Mahajan and N. Chaudhary, “Design and development of a novel hybrid optimization-based convolutional neural network for software bug localization,” Soft Comput., vol. 26, no. 24, pp. 13651–13672, 2022.
G. Rani, U. Pandey, A. A. Wagde, and V. S. Dhaka, “A deep reinforcement learning technique for bug detection in video games,” Int. J. Inf. Technol., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 355–367, 2023.
Z. Wang et al., “BugPre: An intelligent software version-to-version bug prediction system using graph convolutional neural networks,” Complex Intell. Syst., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 3835–3855, 2023.
M. Choetkiertikul et al., “Automatically recommending components for issue reports using deep learning,” Empir. Softw. Eng., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 1–39, 2021.
S. T. Cynthia, B. Roy, and D. Mondal, “Feature transformation for improved software bug detection models,” in 15th Innovations in Software Engineering Conf., 2022, pp. 1–10.
G. Giray et al., “On the use of deep learning in software defect prediction,” J. Syst. Softw., vol. 195, p. 111537, 2023.
Ö. F. Arar and K. Ayan, “Software defect prediction using cost-sensitive neural network,” Appl. Soft Comput., vol. 33, pp. 263–277, 2015.
X. Chen et al., “Software defect number prediction: Unsupervised vs supervised methods,” Inf. Softw. Technol., vol. 106, pp. 161–181, 2019.
M. Nevendra and P. Singh, “Multistage preprocessing approach for software defect data prediction,” in Commun. Comput. Inf. Sci., 2018, pp. 505–515.
A. Abo-eleneen et al., “The role of reinforcement learning in software testing,” Inf. Softw. Technol., 2023.
M. Rahimi et al., “Fog-based smart homes: A systematic review,” J. Netw. Comput. Appl., 2020.
M. Songhorabadi et al., “Fog computing approaches in IoT-enabled smart cities,” J. Netw. Comput. Appl., 2023.
M. Etemadi, “A systematic review of healthcare recommender systems: Open issues, challenges, and techniques,” Expert Syst. Appl., 2023.
D. Karimi, H. Dou, S. K. Warfield, and A. Gholipour, “Deep learning with noisy labels: Exploring techniques and remedies in medical image analysis,” Med. Image Anal., vol. 67, p. 101819, Jul. 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2020.101819
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Similar Articles
- Abdul Rehman, Habib ur Rehman, Noor Muhammad Khan, Machine Learning Based Prediction of Hydraulic Jump Lengths in Stilling Basins for Barrages and Low-Head Hydraulic Structures , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026): January Issue
- Gift Mbuzi, Abdur Rashid Sangi, Baha Ihnaini, Anil Carie, Sruthi Sivarajan, Satish Anamalamudi, Data-driven insights into groundwater quality: machine and deep learning approaches , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 44 No. 3 (2025): July Issue
- Muhammad Usman Malik, Muhammad Faisal Hayat, Prediction and classification of wheat plant disease in Pakistan using deep learning techniques , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 44 No. 3 (2025): July Issue
- Shabana Hajano, Sanam Narejo, Sofia Hajano, Fouzia Hajano, A Few-Shot Learning Framework for Understanding Mobile User Behavior , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 44 No. 4 (2025): October Issue
- Chandar Kumar, Dur Muhammad Soomro, Najeeb Ur Rehman Malik, Data Driven Learning Based Robust Control for Nonlinear Electromechanical Systems: A Case Study on SRV02 , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 44 No. 4 (2025): October Issue
- Shakeel Ahmad , Sheikh Muhammad Saqib , Asif Hassan Syed , Nashwan Alromema , Ali Kararay, Exploring the best fit: A comparative analysis of AFINN, Textblob, VADER, and Pattern on Arabic reviews for optimal dictionary extraction , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 44 No. 2 (2025): April Issue
- Jairam Das Bather, Muhammad Saleem, Nisar Ahmed, Zahid Khaskheli, Zoha Waheed, Ali Kolachi, Umer Ghaffar, An Adaptive Gamification Optimization Algorithm for Analyzing Programming Learning Difficulties , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 3 (2026): July Issue
- Syed Shabeeb Raza, Muhammad Imran Saleem, Hassan Ahmed Khan, Shaheena Noor, Ali Yousuf Khan, Eman Razzaq, A Comparative Analysis of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Security Policies With and Without Reinforcement Learning Automation , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026): April Issue
- Najma Imtiaz Ali, Imtiaz Ali Brohi, Aadil Jamali, Kasturi Kanchymalay, Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, Safeeullah Soomro, Overcoming Occlusion in Person Re-Identification: A Multi-Level Attention Transformer Approach , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026): January Issue
- Saifullah Samo, Sameh EZZT Mohamed Ali Bdran, Raheel Ahmed Nizamani, Zero-Shot Payload Adaptation for Robotic Manipulators via Domain-Randomized Deep Reinforcement Learning , Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology: Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026): April Issue
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.