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Development of Mathematical Equation for Sustainable Design of Roof Profile of High Head Orifice Spillway

Authors

  • Shafqat Hussain Bhatti

    Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
    Author

  • Habib Ur Rehman

    Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
    Author

  • Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar

    Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
    Author

  • Muhammad Awais Zafar

    Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, Lahore, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore 54890, Pakistan
    Author

  • Mudassar Iqbal

    Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
    Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22581/0263

Keywords:

Bottom Profile, Orifice Spillway, Physical Modelling, Roof Profile

Abstract

Large orifices play a significant role in dam sustainability in terms of water release and sediments from reservoirs and often implemented as submerged spillways. Numerus research has extensively analyzed discharge coefficients and various other coefficients for large structures, however there are limited studies on the standardization of roof profile equation for these orifices. This experimental study investigated the impact of bottom profile coupe with development of roof profile equation under varying gate opening and heads. The minimum difference between the bottom nappe profile from the physical model and trajectory equation indicates sensitivity to various factors. However, significant deviation is observed in upper profiles from existing equations of USBR and other researchers. Finding revealed an increase in the discharge coefficient for sharp-edged orifices in case of sloid bottom profile. Moreover, the exiting equation for roof profile is modified to establish a new equation and analyzed the designed roof profile. The results revealed significant improvements in discharge coefficient of orifice spillway designed through modified equation. 

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References

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Published

2026-04-01

Issue

Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026): April Issue

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

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How to Cite

Development of Mathematical Equation for Sustainable Design of Roof Profile of High Head Orifice Spillway. (2026). Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 45(2), 01-07. https://doi.org/10.22581/0263

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